ABSTRACT
Background: Ovarian cancer is highly prevalent in the population of Jammu, in India; the ovarian cancer ranks third among other types of cancer prevalent in females. However, association studies on ovarian cancer are lacking in this region. We aimed to investigate the disease susceptible variants rs1052133 (human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 [hOGG1]) and rs25487 (X-ray repair cross-complementing 1 [XRCC1]) with ovarian cancer in population of Jammu, India. Materials and Methods: The study conducted in the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University is a 3-year study which included a total of 280 well-characterized samples (130 ovarian cancer cases and 150 healthy controls). hOGG1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism, and these genotyping results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for both single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was assessed using the Chi-square test. The allele and genotype-specific risks were estimated by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: In this preliminary study, SNP rs1052133 showed protection with ovarian cancer (P = 0.042). The SNP rs25487 was not found associated with ovarian cancer (P = 0.271). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the G allele of rs1052133 imparts protection to the population whereas variant rs25487 was not associated with ovarian cancer in population from the Jammu region, indicating that larger sample size is needed for further statistical validation. Further, association of other SNPs in these genes should also be carried out as their role cannot be ruled out.
ABSTRACT
Several studies including genomewide association studies (GWASs) in diverse ethnic populations have reported a significant association of genetic variant rs10937405 of TP63 with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no data are available from any Indian population on the association of this variant with NSCLC. Using TaqMan genotyping chemistry, we conducted a case–control study involving 190 NSCLC cases and 400 ethnic, age-matched controls to explore the association of rs10937405 genetic variant with NSCLC in patients from north India. Our data support that the rs10937405 variant is also significantly associated with the NSCLC and is a risk factor in the north Indian populations to develop NSCLC. However, unlike most other studies, the wild-type allele T appears to be the risk allele, as its frequency was significantly higher in the cases than controls (0.439 in cases versus 0.383 in controls. OR=1.95 (1.23–3.09 at 95% CI); P value (adjusted)= 0.004). Genetic association was also observed by applying different genetic models. The present study provides important information of the genetic aetiology of NSCLC and strengthens GWAS findings, highlighting the role of TP63 in lung cancer risk.
ABSTRACT
Most of the insulin formulations in clinical use contain phenol, meta-cresol or both as excipients. These excipients in insulin preparations provide stability and have antimicrobial properties. However, they are reported to be associated with undesirable side-effects especially localised allergic reactions. Amount of excipients injected per unit dose of insulin is a major determining factor in causation of these reactions. This review discusses the excipients in different insulin formulations available in India with potential of precipitating undesirable effects and the use of concentrated insulins to reduce these complications. To avoid the detrimental effects associated with excipients, removal of preservatives or use of insulin preparations devoid of excipients can be an option. Besides these approaches, one approach that can be considered is the use of concentrated insulin to reduce the volume of insulin dose and thereby the excipients. Concentrated insulins address the high insulin requirements of the growing population of patients with type 2 diabetes who require higher insulin doses. Concentrated insulins help in reduction of dose volume as well as amount of excipients injected per unit dose of insulin. U200 (concentrated r-DNA Human Insulin Premix 30/70-200 IU/ml) can be advantageous with better absorption from smaller quantity injected, lesser variability in absorption, lesser pain and discomfort due to smaller quantity, lesser chances of hypoglycaemia all of which can lead to better patient compliance. Thus, concentrated insulin U200 can be one of the alternatives to prevent/reduce clinical complications with excipients in insulins.
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Background: Presently drug utilization studies (DUS) are in an evolving era. Current literature search has shown paucity of epidemiological studies in the field of paediatric pharmacology. Hence the present study was designed to assess the drug utilization pattern in neonatal intensive care unit to improvise the current prescription practices, if required and to determine areas in neonatal pharmacology in need of further research.Methods: A prospective, observational study spanned for a period of one year from January 2015 to December 2015 was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Government teaching tertiary care hospital, Maharashtra. Data of prescribed drugs was collected. WHO prescribing indicators were used for evaluating DUS. Assessment of exposure rates of different class of drugs in different gestational age groups was done. Data were analysed using descriptive studies.Results: Data of 205 neonates, showed male preponderance (53.17%) over female neonates (46.83%). With regard to the gestational age, 47.31% were term, 52.68% preterm. Average number of drugs per encounter was 6.69. 76.29% drugs were prescribed by generic name and 69.80 % drugs were from IAP list of essential medicines for children. Mean drug use was 6.23�34 per patient. Most common class of drug to which neonates were exposed was antibiotics (96.10%) and amikacin topped the list with exposure rate of 91.22%.Conclusions: The present study substantiates the need for implementation of institutional antibiotic policies, awareness regarding IAP list of essential drugs for children, prescription by generic name and rational drug use.
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Background: Fanconi Bickel Syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive, disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. Presence of hypercalciuria is rare. Case characteristics: 4.5-years-old boy presented with growth failure, hepatomegaly, rickets, fasting hypoglycemia with postprandial hyperglycemia, fanconi syndrome and hypercalciuria, Outcome: A rare mutation in GLUT-2 gene suggestive of Fanconi Bickel Syndrome. Message: Fanconi Bickel Syndrome may present with hypercalciuria with proximal renal tubulopathy along with fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Introduction: The ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA),Biodentinand and Calcium phosphate cement to seal large furcation perforations were evaluated using a dye-extraction leakage method. Method: 30 extracted human mandibular first molars were divided into three experimental groups (n -10) according to the repair material used. Dye leakage was tested from an orthograde direction, and dye extraction was performed using full concentration nitric acid. Dye absorbance was measured at 550 nm using spectrophotometer. Result : ProRoot MTA (Maillfer, Dentsply) showed the least dye absorbance. Calcium phosphate showed the highest dye absorbance. and Biodentin came at intermediate level then other groups.